Summary of changes
Rule 702 — Testimony by expert witnesses
The text as it stood in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition beside the current text, provision by provision, with every recorded amendment and the authority behind it — the whole Rule in one view.
2 amended
0 added
0 removed
3 unchanged
2 authority-backed edits · recorded
2026-07-01 – 2026-07-01
Authorities behind these changes
- 2023 Amendments to Federal Rules of Evidence · FRE amendment, eff. 2025-06-01 · 2 changes
Showing every provision.
Provisions
702
amended
Version history
Original text
A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if:
Current text
A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if the proponent demonstrates to the court that it is more likely than not that:
All changes since the original (removed / added)
A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise if:if the proponent demonstrates to the court that it is more likely than not that:
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-01 | 2023 Amendments to Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE amendment, eff. 2025-06-01) | admin | |
A witness who is qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education may testify in the form of an opinion or otherwise |
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702(a)
unchanged
Original text
the expert's scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue;
Current text
the expert's scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue;
702(b)
unchanged
Original text
the testimony is based on sufficient facts or data;
Current text
the testimony is based on sufficient facts or data;
702(c)
unchanged
Original text
the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods; and
Current text
the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods; and
702(d)
amended
Version history
Original text
the expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the facts of the case.
Current text
the expert’s opinion reflects a reliable application of the principles and methods to the facts of the case.
All changes since the original (removed / added)
the expertexpert’s hasopinion reliablyreflects applieda reliable application of the principles and methods to the facts of the case.
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-01 | 2023 Amendments to Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE amendment, eff. 2025-06-01) | admin | |
the |
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“Original text” is the state captured the first time a provision was edited under change tracking — i.e. the text as published in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition. Provisions edited without being “marked as changed” (typos, formatting) are not recorded here; see the recent revisions feed and the site-wide changes log.