Summary of changes
Article 2 — Persons subject to this chapter
The text as it stood in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition beside the current text, provision by provision, with every recorded amendment and the authority behind it — the whole Article in one view.
6 amended
1 added
0 removed
35 unchanged
8 authority-backed edits · recorded
2026-07-11 – 2026-07-11
Authorities behind these changes
- Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) · Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23 · 8 changes
Showing every provision.
Provisions
2(a)
unchanged
Original text
The following persons are subject to this chapter:
Current text
The following persons are subject to this chapter:
2(a)(1)
amended
Version history
Original text
Members of a regular component of the armed forces, including those awaiting discharge after expiration of their terms of enlistment; volunteers from the time of their muster or acceptance into the armed forces; inductees from the time of their actual induction into the armed forces; and other persons lawfully called or ordered into, or to duty in or for training in, the armed forces, from the dates when they are required by the terms of the call or order to obey it.
Current text
Members of a regular component of the armed forces, and members of the Space Force on active duty under section 20105 of this title, including those awaiting discharge after expiration of their terms of enlistment; volunteers from the time of their muster or acceptance into the armed forces; inductees from the time of their actual induction into the armed forces; and other persons lawfully called or ordered into, or to duty in or for training in, the armed forces, from the dates when they are required by the terms of the call or order to obey it.
All changes since the original (removed / added)
Members of a regular component of the armed forces, and members of the Space Force on active duty under section 20105 of this title, including those awaiting discharge after expiration of their terms of enlistment; volunteers from the time of their muster or acceptance into the armed forces; inductees from the time of their actual induction into the armed forces; and other persons lawfully called or ordered into, or to duty in or for training in, the armed forces, from the dates when they are required by the terms of the call or order to obey it.
Step-by-step: 2 recorded edits
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 (eff. Dec. 23, 2024) extended jurisdiction to Space Force members. | admin |
Members of a regular component of the armed forces, and members of the Space Force on active duty under section 20105 of this title, including those awaiting discharge after expiration of their terms of enlistment; volunteers from the time of their muster or acceptance into the armed forces; inductees from the time of their actual induction into the armed forces; and other persons lawfully called or ordered into, or to duty in or for training in, the armed forces, from the dates when they are required by the terms of the call or order to obey it. |
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| v3 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 (eff. Dec. 23, 2024) extended jurisdiction to Space Force members. | admin |
2(a)(2)
unchanged
Original text
Cadets, aviation cadets, and midshipmen.
Current text
Cadets, aviation cadets, and midshipmen.
2(a)(3)
unchanged
Original text
Current text
2(a)(3)(A)
unchanged
Original text
While on inactive-duty training and during any of the periods specified in subparagraph (B)—
Current text
While on inactive-duty training and during any of the periods specified in subparagraph (B)—
2(a)(3)(A)(i)
amended
Version history
Original text
members of a reserve component; and
Current text
members of a reserve component or the Space Force; and
All changes since the original (removed / added)
members of a reserve component;component or the Space Force; and
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added "or the Space Force". Verify exact placement against the Public Law. | admin |
members of a reserve |
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2(a)(3)(A)(ii)
unchanged
Original text
members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, but only when in Federal service.
Current text
members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States, but only when in Federal service.
2(a)(3)(B)
unchanged
Original text
The periods referred to in subparagraph (A) are the following:
Current text
The periods referred to in subparagraph (A) are the following:
2(a)(3)(B)(i)
unchanged
Original text
Travel to and from the inactive-duty training site of the member, pursuant to orders or regulations.
Current text
Travel to and from the inactive-duty training site of the member, pursuant to orders or regulations.
2(a)(3)(B)(ii)
unchanged
Original text
Intervals between consecutive periods of inactive-duty training on the same day, pursuant to orders or regulations.
Current text
Intervals between consecutive periods of inactive-duty training on the same day, pursuant to orders or regulations.
2(a)(3)(B)(iii)
unchanged
Original text
Intervals between inactive-duty training on consecutive days, pursuant to orders or regulations.
Current text
Intervals between inactive-duty training on consecutive days, pursuant to orders or regulations.
2(a)(4)
unchanged
Original text
Retired members of a regular component of the armed forces who are entitled to pay.
Current text
Retired members of a regular component of the armed forces who are entitled to pay.
2(a)(5)
amended
Version history
Original text
Retired members of a reserve component who are receiving hospitalization from an armed force.
Current text
Retired members of a reserve component, or retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a non-regular retirement and are receiving retired pay, who are receiving hospitalization from an armed force.
All changes since the original (removed / added)
Retired members of a reserve componentcomponent, or retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a non-regular retirement and are receiving retired pay, who are receiving hospitalization from an armed force.
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added the Space Force non-regular-retiree clause. Verify exact wording/punctuation against the Public Law. | admin |
Retired members of a reserve component who are receiving hospitalization from an armed |
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2(a)(6)
unchanged
Original text
Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.
Current text
Members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve.
2(a)(7)
unchanged
Original text
Persons in custody of the armed forces serving a sentence imposed by a court-martial.
Current text
Persons in custody of the armed forces serving a sentence imposed by a court-martial.
2(a)(8)
unchanged
Original text
Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Public Health Service, and other organizations, when assigned to and serving with the armed forces.
Current text
Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Public Health Service, and other organizations, when assigned to and serving with the armed forces.
2(a)(9)
unchanged
Original text
Prisoners of war in custody of the armed forces.
Current text
Prisoners of war in custody of the armed forces.
2(a)(10)
unchanged
Original text
In time of declared war or a contingency operation, persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field.
Current text
In time of declared war or a contingency operation, persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field.
2(a)(11)
unchanged
Original text
Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons serving with, employed by, or accompanying the armed forces outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
Current text
Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons serving with, employed by, or accompanying the armed forces outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
2(a)(12)
unchanged
Original text
Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons within an area leased by or otherwise reserved or acquired for the use of the United States which is under the control of the Secretary concerned and which is outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
Current text
Subject to any treaty or agreement to which the United States is or may be a party or to any accepted rule of international law, persons within an area leased by or otherwise reserved or acquired for the use of the United States which is under the control of the Secretary concerned and which is outside the United States and outside the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
2(a)(13)
unchanged
Original text
Individuals belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316), who violate the law of war.
Current text
Individuals belonging to one of the eight categories enumerated in Article 4 of the Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, done at Geneva August 12, 1949 (6 UST 3316), who violate the law of war.
2(a)(14)
added since original
Version history
Original text
Not in the original text — this provision was added later.
Current text
Retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a regular retirement under section 20601 or 20603 of this title and are receiving retired pay.
All changes since the original (removed / added)
Retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a regular retirement under section 20601 or 20603 of this title and are receiving retired pay.
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v1 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added new paragraph (a)(14). | admin |
Retired members of the Space Force who qualified for a regular retirement under section 20601 or 20603 of this title and are receiving retired pay. |
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2(b)
unchanged
Original text
The voluntary enlistment of any person who has the capacity to understand the significance of enlisting in the armed forces shall be valid for purposes of jurisdiction under subsection (a) and a change of status from civilian to member of the armed forces shall be effective upon the taking of the oath of enlistment.
Current text
The voluntary enlistment of any person who has the capacity to understand the significance of enlisting in the armed forces shall be valid for purposes of jurisdiction under subsection (a) and a change of status from civilian to member of the armed forces shall be effective upon the taking of the oath of enlistment.
2(c)
unchanged
Original text
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person serving with an armed force who—
is subject to this chapter until such person’s active service has been terminated in accordance with law or regulations promulgated by the Secretary concerned.
Current text
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a person serving with an armed force who—
is subject to this chapter until such person’s active service has been terminated in accordance with law or regulations promulgated by the Secretary concerned.
2(c)(1)
unchanged
Original text
submitted voluntarily to military authority;
Current text
submitted voluntarily to military authority;
2(c)(2)
unchanged
Original text
met the mental competency and minimum age qualifications of sections 504 and 505 of this title at the time of voluntary submission to military authority;
Current text
met the mental competency and minimum age qualifications of sections 504 and 505 of this title at the time of voluntary submission to military authority;
2(c)(3)
unchanged
Original text
received military pay or allowances; and
Current text
received military pay or allowances; and
2(c)(4)
unchanged
Original text
performed military duties;
Current text
performed military duties;
2(d)
unchanged
Original text
Current text
2(d)(1)
amended
Version history
Original text
A member of a reserve component who is not on active duty and who is made the subject of proceedings under section 815 (article 15) or section 830 (article 30) with respect to an offense against this chapter may be ordered to active duty involuntarily for the purpose of—
Current text
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force who is not on active duty and who is made the subject of proceedings under section 815 (article 15) or section 830 (article 30) with respect to an offense against this chapter may be ordered to active duty involuntarily for the purpose of—
All changes since the original (removed / added)
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force who is not on active duty and who is made the subject of proceedings under section 815 (article 15) or section 830 (article 30) with respect to an offense against this chapter may be ordered to active duty involuntarily for the purpose of—
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added "or the Space Force". Verify placement against the Public Law. | admin |
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force who is not on active duty and who is made the subject of proceedings under section 815 (article 15) or section 830 (article 30) with respect to an offense against this chapter may be ordered to active duty involuntarily for the purpose of— |
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2(d)(1)(A)
unchanged
Original text
a preliminary hearing under section 832 of this title (article 32);
Current text
a preliminary hearing under section 832 of this title (article 32);
2(d)(1)(B)
unchanged
Original text
trial by court-martial; or
Current text
trial by court-martial; or
2(d)(1)(C)
unchanged
Original text
nonjudicial punishment under section 815 of this title (article 15).
Current text
nonjudicial punishment under section 815 of this title (article 15).
2(d)(2)
amended
Version history
Original text
A member of a reserve component may not be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) except with respect to an offense committed while the member was—
Current text
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force may not be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) except with respect to an offense committed while the member was—
All changes since the original (removed / added)
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force may not be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) except with respect to an offense committed while the member was—
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added "or the Space Force". Verify placement against the Public Law. | admin |
A member of a reserve component or the Space Force may not be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) except with respect to an offense committed while the member was— |
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2(d)(2)(A)
unchanged
Original text
on active duty; or
Current text
on active duty; or
2(d)(2)(B)
unchanged
Original text
on inactive-duty training, but in the case of members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States only when in Federal service.
Current text
on inactive-duty training, but in the case of members of the Army National Guard of the United States or the Air National Guard of the United States only when in Federal service.
2(d)(3)
unchanged
Original text
Authority to order a member to active duty under paragraph (1) shall be exercised under regulations prescribed by the President.
Current text
Authority to order a member to active duty under paragraph (1) shall be exercised under regulations prescribed by the President.
2(d)(4)
amended
Version history
Original text
A member may be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) only by a person empowered to convene general courts-martial in a regular component of the armed forces.
Current text
A member may be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) only by a person empowered to convene general courts-martial in a regular component of the armed forces or the Space Force.
All changes since the original (removed / added)
A member may be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) only by a person empowered to convene general courts-martial in a regular component of the armed forces.forces or the Space Force.
Step-by-step: 1 recorded edit
| Version | Date | Authority | Note | Editor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| v2 | 2026-07-11 | Public Law No. 118–159 (NDAA 2025) (Public Law, eff. 2024-12-23) | Pub. L. 118–159 § 561 added "or the Space Force". Verify placement against the Public Law. | admin |
A member may be ordered to active duty under paragraph (1) only by a person empowered to convene general courts-martial in a regular component of the armed |
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2(d)(5)
unchanged
Original text
A member ordered to active duty under paragraph (1), unless the order to active duty was approved by the Secretary concerned, may not—
Current text
A member ordered to active duty under paragraph (1), unless the order to active duty was approved by the Secretary concerned, may not—
2(d)(5)(A)
unchanged
Original text
be sentenced to confinement; or
Current text
be sentenced to confinement; or
2(d)(5)(B)
unchanged
Original text
be required to serve a punishment consisting of any restriction on liberty during a period other than a period of inactive-duty training or active duty (other than active duty ordered under paragraph (1)).
Current text
be required to serve a punishment consisting of any restriction on liberty during a period other than a period of inactive-duty training or active duty (other than active duty ordered under paragraph (1)).
2(e)
unchanged
Original text
The provisions of this section are subject to section 876b(d)(2) of this title (article 76b(d)(2)).
Current text
The provisions of this section are subject to section 876b(d)(2) of this title (article 76b(d)(2)).
“Original text” is the state captured the first time a provision was edited under change tracking — i.e. the text as published in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition. Provisions edited without being “marked as changed” (typos, formatting) are not recorded here; see the recent revisions feed and the site-wide changes log.