Summary of changes

Article 119a — Death or injury of an unborn child

The text as it stood in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition beside the current text, provision by provision, with every recorded amendment and the authority behind it — the whole Article in one view.

0 amended 0 added 0 removed 37 unchanged
No changes recorded for this Article — its text is the same as the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition.
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Provisions
58.a. unchanged
Original text
Text of statute.
(a)(1) Any person subject to this chapter who engages in conduct that violates any of the provisions of law listed in subsection (b) and thereby causes the death of, or bodily injury (as defined in section 1365 of title 18) to, a child, who is in utero at the time the conduct takes place, is guilty of a separate offense under this section and shall, upon conviction, be punished by such punishment, other than death, as a court-martial may direct, which shall be consistent with the punishments prescribed by the President for that conduct had that injury or death occurred to the unborn child’s mother. (2) An offense under this section does not require proof that— (i) the person engaging in the conduct had knowledge or should have had knowledge that the victim of the underlying offense was pregnant; or (ii) the accused intended to cause the death of, or bodily injury to, the unborn child. (3) If the person engaging in the conduct thereby intentionally kills or attempts to kill the unborn child, that person shall, instead of being punished under paragraph (1), be punished as provided under sections 880, 918, and 919(a) of this title (articles 80, 118, and 119(a)) for intentionally killing or attempting to kill a human being. (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the death penalty shall not be imposed for an offense under this section. (b) The provisions referred to in subsection (a) are sections 918, 919(a), 919(b)(2), 920(a), 922, 926, 928, and 928a of this title (articles 118, 119(a), 119(b)(2), 120(a), 122, 126, 128, and 128a). (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit the prosecution—
Current text
Text of statute.
(a)(1) Any person subject to this chapter who engages in conduct that violates any of the provisions of law listed in subsection (b) and thereby causes the death of, or bodily injury (as defined in section 1365 of title 18) to, a child, who is in utero at the time the conduct takes place, is guilty of a separate offense under this section and shall, upon conviction, be punished by such punishment, other than death, as a court-martial may direct, which shall be consistent with the punishments prescribed by the President for that conduct had that injury or death occurred to the unborn child’s mother. (2) An offense under this section does not require proof that— (i) the person engaging in the conduct had knowledge or should have had knowledge that the victim of the underlying offense was pregnant; or (ii) the accused intended to cause the death of, or bodily injury to, the unborn child. (3) If the person engaging in the conduct thereby intentionally kills or attempts to kill the unborn child, that person shall, instead of being punished under paragraph (1), be punished as provided under sections 880, 918, and 919(a) of this title (articles 80, 118, and 119(a)) for intentionally killing or attempting to kill a human being. (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the death penalty shall not be imposed for an offense under this section. (b) The provisions referred to in subsection (a) are sections 918, 919(a), 919(b)(2), 920(a), 922, 926, 928, and 928a of this title (articles 118, 119(a), 119(b)(2), 120(a), 122, 126, 128, and 128a). (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit the prosecution—
58.a.(1) unchanged
Original text
of any person for conduct relating to an abortion for which the consent of the pregnant woman, or a person authorized by law to act on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law;
Current text
of any person for conduct relating to an abortion for which the consent of the pregnant woman, or a person authorized by law to act on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law;
58.a.(2) unchanged
Original text
of any person for any medical treatment of the pregnant woman or her unborn child; or
Current text
of any person for any medical treatment of the pregnant woman or her unborn child; or
58.a.(3) unchanged
Original text
of any woman with respect to her unborn child. (d) In this section, the term “unborn child” means a child in utero, and the term “child in utero” or “child, who is in utero” means a member of the species homo sapiens, at any stage of development, who is carried in the womb.
Current text
of any woman with respect to her unborn child. (d) In this section, the term “unborn child” means a child in utero, and the term “child in utero” or “child, who is in utero” means a member of the species homo sapiens, at any stage of development, who is carried in the womb.
58.b. unchanged
Original text
Elements.
Current text
Elements.
58.b.(1) unchanged
Original text
Injuring an unborn child.
Current text
Injuring an unborn child.
58.b.(1)(a) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
Current text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
58.b.(1)(b) unchanged
Original text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
Current text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
58.b.(1)(c) unchanged
Original text
That the accused thereby caused bodily injury to the unborn child of that woman.
Current text
That the accused thereby caused bodily injury to the unborn child of that woman.
58.b.(2) unchanged
Original text
Killing an unborn child.
Current text
Killing an unborn child.
58.b.(2)(a) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
Current text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
58.b.(2)(b) unchanged
Original text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
Current text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
58.b.(2)(c) unchanged
Original text
That the accused thereby caused the death of the unborn child of that woman.
Current text
That the accused thereby caused the death of the unborn child of that woman.
58.b.(3) unchanged
Original text
Attempting to kill an unborn child.
Current text
Attempting to kill an unborn child.
58.b.(3)(a) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
Current text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
58.b.(3)(b) unchanged
Original text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
Current text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
58.b.(3)(c) unchanged
Original text
That the accused thereby intended and attempted to kill the unborn child of that woman.
Current text
That the accused thereby intended and attempted to kill the unborn child of that woman.
58.b.(4) unchanged
Original text
Intentionally killing an unborn child.
Current text
Intentionally killing an unborn child.
58.b.(4)(a) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
Current text
That the accused was engaged in the [(murder (article 118)), (voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a))), (involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2))), (rape (article 120(a))), (robbery (article 122)), (maiming (article 128a)), (assault (article 128)), of] or [burning or setting afire, as arson (article 126), of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property (known to be occupied by) (belonging to))] a woman;
58.b.(4)(b) unchanged
Original text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
Current text
That the woman was then pregnant; and
58.b.(4)(c) unchanged
Original text
That the accused thereby intentionally killed the unborn child of that woman.
Current text
That the accused thereby intentionally killed the unborn child of that woman.
58.c. unchanged
Original text
Explanation.
Current text
Explanation.
58.c.(1) unchanged
Original text
Nature of offense.
This article makes it a separate, punishable crime to cause the death of or bodily injury to an unborn child while engaged in arson (article 126, UCMJ); murder (article 118, UCMJ); voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a), UCMJ); involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2), UCMJ); rape (article 120(a), UCMJ); robbery (article 122, UCMJ); maiming (article 128a, UCMJ); or assault (article 128, UCMJ) against a pregnant woman. For all underlying offenses, except arson, this article requires that the victim of the underlying offense be the pregnant mother. For purposes of arson, the pregnant mother must have some nexus to the arson such that she sustained some bodily injury due to the arson. For the purposes of this article the term “woman” means a female of any age. This article does not permit the prosecution of any—
Current text
Nature of offense.
This article makes it a separate, punishable crime to cause the death of or bodily injury to an unborn child while engaged in arson (article 126, UCMJ); murder (article 118, UCMJ); voluntary manslaughter (article 119(a), UCMJ); involuntary manslaughter (article 119(b)(2), UCMJ); rape (article 120(a), UCMJ); robbery (article 122, UCMJ); maiming (article 128a, UCMJ); or assault (article 128, UCMJ) against a pregnant woman. For all underlying offenses, except arson, this article requires that the victim of the underlying offense be the pregnant mother. For purposes of arson, the pregnant mother must have some nexus to the arson such that she sustained some bodily injury due to the arson. For the purposes of this article the term “woman” means a female of any age. This article does not permit the prosecution of any—
58.c.(1)(a) unchanged
Original text
person for conduct relating to an abortion for which the consent of the pregnant woman, or a person authorized by law to act on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law;
Current text
person for conduct relating to an abortion for which the consent of the pregnant woman, or a person authorized by law to act on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law;
58.c.(1)(b) unchanged
Original text
person for any medical treatment of the pregnant woman or her unborn child; or
Current text
person for any medical treatment of the pregnant woman or her unborn child; or
58.c.(1)(c) unchanged
Original text
woman with respect to her unborn child.
Current text
woman with respect to her unborn child.
58.c.(2) unchanged
Original text
The offenses of injuring an unborn child and killing an unborn child do not require proof that —
Current text
The offenses of injuring an unborn child and killing an unborn child do not require proof that —
58.c.(2)(a) unchanged
Original text
the accused had knowledge or should have had knowledge that the victim of the underlying offense was pregnant; or
Current text
the accused had knowledge or should have had knowledge that the victim of the underlying offense was pregnant; or
58.c.(2)(b) unchanged
Original text
the accused intended to cause the death of, or bodily injury to, the unborn child.
Current text
the accused intended to cause the death of, or bodily injury to, the unborn child.
58.c.(3) unchanged
Original text
The offense of attempting to kill an unborn child requires that the accused intended by his conduct to cause the death of the unborn child ( see subparagraph b.(3)(c) of this paragraph).
Current text
The offense of attempting to kill an unborn child requires that the accused intended by his conduct to cause the death of the unborn child ( see subparagraph b.(3)(c) of this paragraph).
58.c.(4) unchanged
Original text
Bodily injury.
For the purpose of this offense, the term “bodily injury” is that which is provided by section 1365 of title 18, to wit: a cut, abrasion, bruise, burn, or disfigurement; physical pain; illness; impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty; or any other injury to the body, no matter how temporary.
Current text
Bodily injury.
For the purpose of this offense, the term “bodily injury” is that which is provided by section 1365 of title 18, to wit: a cut, abrasion, bruise, burn, or disfigurement; physical pain; illness; impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or mental faculty; or any other injury to the body, no matter how temporary.
58.c.(5) unchanged
Original text
Unborn child.
“Unborn child” means a child in utero or a member of the species homo sapiens who is carried in the womb, at any stage of development, from conception to birth.
Current text
Unborn child.
“Unborn child” means a child in utero or a member of the species homo sapiens who is carried in the womb, at any stage of development, from conception to birth.
58.d. unchanged
Original text
Maximum punishment.
The maximum punishment for (1) Injuring an unborn child; (2) Killing an unborn child; (3) Attempting to kill an unborn child; or (4) Intentionally killing an unborn child is such punishment, other than death, as a court-martial may direct, but shall be consistent with the punishment had the bodily injury, death, attempt to kill, or intentional killing occurred to the unborn child’s mother. d. Sample specifications.
Current text
Maximum punishment.
The maximum punishment for (1) Injuring an unborn child; (2) Killing an unborn child; (3) Attempting to kill an unborn child; or (4) Intentionally killing an unborn child is such punishment, other than death, as a court-martial may direct, but shall be consistent with the punishment had the bodily injury, death, attempt to kill, or intentional killing occurred to the unborn child’s mother. d. Sample specifications.
58.d.(1) unchanged
Original text
Injuring an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, cause bodily injury to the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
Current text
Injuring an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, cause bodily injury to the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
58.d.(2) unchanged
Original text
Killing an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, cause the death of the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
Current text
Killing an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, cause the death of the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
58.d.(3) unchanged
Original text
Attempting to kill an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, attempt to kill the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
Current text
Attempting to kill an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, attempt to kill the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
58.d.(4) unchanged
Original text
Intentionally killing an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, intentionally kill the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.
Current text
Intentionally killing an unborn child.
In that _____________ (personal jurisdiction data), did (at/on board—location), (subject-matter jurisdiction data, if required), on or about _________ 20 ____, intentionally kill the unborn child of a pregnant woman, by engaging in the [(murder) (voluntary manslaughter) (involuntary manslaughter) (rape) (robbery) (maiming) (assault) of] [(burning) (setting afire) of (a dwelling inhabited by) (a structure or property known to (be occupied by) (belong to))] that woman.

“Original text” is the state captured the first time a provision was edited under change tracking — i.e. the text as published in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition. Provisions edited without being “marked as changed” (typos, formatting) are not recorded here; see the recent revisions feed and the site-wide changes log.