Summary of changes

Article 88 — Contempt toward officials

The text as it stood in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition beside the current text, provision by provision, with every recorded amendment and the authority behind it — the whole Article in one view.

0 amended 0 added 0 removed 11 unchanged
No changes recorded for this Article — its text is the same as the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition.
Showing every provision.
Changed only
Provisions
14.a. unchanged
Original text
Text of statute.
Any commissioned officer who uses contemptuous words against the President, the Vice President, Congress, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Governor or legislature of any State, Commonwealth, or possession in which he is on duty or present shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
Current text
Text of statute.
Any commissioned officer who uses contemptuous words against the President, the Vice President, Congress, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Governor or legislature of any State, Commonwealth, or possession in which he is on duty or present shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
14.b. unchanged
Original text
Elements.
Current text
Elements.
14.b.(1) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was a commissioned officer of the United States armed forces;
Current text
That the accused was a commissioned officer of the United States armed forces;
14.b.(2) unchanged
Original text
That the accused used certain words against an official or legislature named in the article;
Current text
That the accused used certain words against an official or legislature named in the article;
14.b.(3) unchanged
Original text
That by an act of the accused these words came to the knowledge of a person other than the accused; and
Current text
That by an act of the accused these words came to the knowledge of a person other than the accused; and
14.b.(4) unchanged
Original text
That the words used were contemptuous, either in themselves or by virtue of the circumstances under which they were used.
Current text
That the words used were contemptuous, either in themselves or by virtue of the circumstances under which they were used.
14.b.(4)|N unchanged
Original text
[Note: If the words were against a Governor or legislature, add the following element]
Current text
[Note: If the words were against a Governor or legislature, add the following element]
14.b.(5) unchanged
Original text
That the accused was then present in the State, Commonwealth, or possession of the Governor or legislature concerned.
Current text
That the accused was then present in the State, Commonwealth, or possession of the Governor or legislature concerned.
14.c. unchanged
Original text
Explanation.
The official or legislature against whom the words are used must be occupying one of the offices or be one of the legislatures named in Article 88 at the time of the offense. Neither “Congress” nor “legislature” includes its members individually. “Governor” does not include “lieutenant governor.” It is immaterial whether the words are used against the official in an official or private capacity. If not personally contemptuous, adverse criticism of one of the officials or legislatures named in the article in the course of a political discussion, even though emphatically expressed, may not be charged as a violation of the article. Similarly, expressions of opinion made in a purely private conversation should not ordinarily be charged. Giving broad circulation to a written publication containing contemptuous words of the kind made punishable by this article, or the utterance of contemptuous words of this kind in the presence of military subordinates, aggravates the offense. The truth or falsity of the statements is immaterial.
Current text
Explanation.
The official or legislature against whom the words are used must be occupying one of the offices or be one of the legislatures named in Article 88 at the time of the offense. Neither “Congress” nor “legislature” includes its members individually. “Governor” does not include “lieutenant governor.” It is immaterial whether the words are used against the official in an official or private capacity. If not personally contemptuous, adverse criticism of one of the officials or legislatures named in the article in the course of a political discussion, even though emphatically expressed, may not be charged as a violation of the article. Similarly, expressions of opinion made in a purely private conversation should not ordinarily be charged. Giving broad circulation to a written publication containing contemptuous words of the kind made punishable by this article, or the utterance of contemptuous words of this kind in the presence of military subordinates, aggravates the offense. The truth or falsity of the statements is immaterial.
14.d. unchanged
Original text
Maximum punishment.
Dismissal, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year.
Current text
Maximum punishment.
Dismissal, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year.
14.e. unchanged
Original text
Sample specification.
In that __________ (personal jurisdiction data), did, (at/on board—location), on or about _____ 20 __, [use (orally and publicly) (_____) the following contemptuous words] [in a contemptuous manner, use (orally and publicly) (__________) the following words] against the [(President) (Vice President) (Congress) (Secretary of _____)] [(Governor) (legislature) of the (State of _____) (________), a (State) (__________) in which (he) (she), the said __________, was then (on duty), (present)], to wit: “__________,” or words to that effect.
Current text
Sample specification.
In that __________ (personal jurisdiction data), did, (at/on board—location), on or about _____ 20 __, [use (orally and publicly) (_____) the following contemptuous words] [in a contemptuous manner, use (orally and publicly) (__________) the following words] against the [(President) (Vice President) (Congress) (Secretary of _____)] [(Governor) (legislature) of the (State of _____) (________), a (State) (__________) in which (he) (she), the said __________, was then (on duty), (present)], to wit: “__________,” or words to that effect.

“Original text” is the state captured the first time a provision was edited under change tracking — i.e. the text as published in the last Manual for Courts-Martial edition. Provisions edited without being “marked as changed” (typos, formatting) are not recorded here; see the recent revisions feed and the site-wide changes log.